Creation of universe & Cosmic web

The Crystal Ball Nebula: A Stellar Revelation Through the Eyes of JWST

In 2025, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) delivered yet another mesmerizing view of the cosmos this time, of the Crystal Ball Nebula , scientifically known as NGC 1514 . Nestled approximately 1,500 light-years away in the constellation Taurus , this planetary nebula offers an ethereal glimpse into the final evolutionary stages of a dying star. Thanks to JWST’s high-resolution imaging and infrared capabilities, astronomers have gained new insight into the structure, composition, and evolutionary history of this enigmatic nebula. What is the Crystal Ball Nebula? The Crystal Ball Nebula, NGC 1514, is a planetary nebula – a glowing shell of gas and dust ejected by a dying star in the late stages of its life. The name “planetary nebula” is somewhat misleading; these structures have nothing to do with planets. The term dates back to the 18th century, when early astronomers like William Herschel observed their round, planet-lik...

Voyager's Last Echo: NASA Powers Down Instruments to Extend a Legendary Mission

Launched in 1977, NASA's Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft have been on an extraordinary journey, venturing beyond our solar system into interstellar space. Designed for a five-year mission to study the outer planets, these probes have far exceeded expectations, operating for over 47 years. However, as their power sources diminish, NASA has begun deactivating certain instruments to extend their operational lifespans. Power Constraints and Instrument Deactivations Both Voyager spacecraft are powered by radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs), which convert heat from decaying plutonium-238 into electricity. These RTGs lose approximately 4 watts of power annually, necessitating strategic shutdowns of onboard instruments to conserve energy. Voyager 1 : On February 25, 2025, NASA engineers deactivated the Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS) experiment. This suite of three telescopes was designed to study cosmic rays, including protons from the galaxy and...

K2-18b: A Promising Exoplanet with Signs of Probable Life

The search for life beyond Earth has taken a major leap forward with the recent discovery of intriguing biosignatures on K2-18b , an exoplanet located about 120 light-years away in the constellation Leo . Scientists have found promising indications of potential life , sparking global excitement within the astronomical and astrobiological communities. Let’s dive into what makes K2-18b so fascinating, what scientists discovered, and how we are detecting the signs of possible life on this distant world. What is K2-18b? K2-18b is a super-Earth or mini-Neptune —a type of exoplanet that lies between Earth and Neptune in size. It orbits within the habitable zone of its red dwarf star, K2-18 , where temperatures might allow for liquid water to exist. Key facts about K2-18b: Distance from Earth : ~120 light-years Radius : ~2.6 times that of Earth Mass : ~8.6 times Earth’s mass Orbital Period : ~33 days Atmosphere : Hydrogen-rich Its relatively cool star a...

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