SPACERIUM

  The vastness of the cosmos has always been a realm of curiosity, with countless stars harboring their own planetary systems. One such fascinating system belongs to the star HR 8799 , a landmark in exoplanetary research. Recently, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) added a new chapter to this cosmic saga by detecting carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere of one of HR 8799's exoplanets. This discovery not only showcases the advanced capabilities of the JWST but also opens up intriguing questions about the composition and evolution of exoplanetary atmospheres. The HR 8799 System: An Overview HR 8799 is a young, massive A-type star located approximately 133 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Pegasus. Known for being one of the first star systems with directly imaged exoplanets, HR 8799 hosts a dynamic family of four gas giants: HR 8799 b, c, d, and e. These exoplanets are massive, ranging from 5 to 10 times the mass of Jupiter, and they orbit their parent star at d...

Launched in 1977, NASA's  Voyager 1  and   Voyager 2  spacecraft have been on an extraordinary journey, venturing beyond our solar system into interstellar space. Designed for a five-year mission to study the outer planets, these probes have far exceeded expectations, operating for over 47 years. However, as their power sources diminish, NASA has begun deactivating certain instruments to extend their operational lifespans. Power Constraints and Instrument Deactivations Both Voyager spacecraft are powered by radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs), which convert heat from decaying plutonium-238 into electricity. These RTGs lose approximately 4 watts of power annually, necessitating strategic shutdowns of onboard instruments to conserve energy. Voyager 1 : On February 25, 2025, NASA engineers deactivated the   Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS)  experiment. This suite of three telescopes was designed to study cosmic rays, including protons from the galaxy and...

In the quest to understand the vast diversity of planetary systems beyond our own, the discovery of TOI-6038 A b stands as a significant milestone. This dense sub-Saturn exoplanet, identified by an international team of astronomers led by Sanjay Baliwal from India's Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), offers intriguing insights into planetary formation and migration theories. Discovery and Detection Methods The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) first detected a transit signal in the light curve of TOI-6038 A, a bright late F-type star located approximately 578 light-years from Earth. To confirm the planetary nature of this signal, researchers employed the PARAS-2 spectrograph at the PRL Observatory in India. This collaboration between space-based photometry and ground-based spectroscopy exemplifies the synergy required in modern exoplanet discovery and characterization. Host Star Characteristics TOI-6038 A is a metal-rich late F-type star with an effective temperature...